Discussion with Historian Michal Šmigeľ after the Screening of Putin is Skiing
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Prof. PhDr. Michal Šmigeľ, PhD. – a Slovak historian and university professor at Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica. His academic research focuses on national history, particularly issues of nationality in eastern Slovakia, migration processes in Slovakia during World War II, and the activities of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army in Slovakia between 1945 and 1947. As a Rusyn, he also studies this ethnic group living at the foothills of the Carpathians.
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Context of the Theatrical Production
The discussion was based on a play created sixteen years ago using texts by Anna Politkovskaya. Despite its age, the performance has gained renewed relevance over the past decade, particularly after the annexation of Crimea in 2014. The play is now performed more frequently, and its proceeds are directed toward humanitarian aid for Ukraine.
Historical Development of Contemporary Russia
Professor Smigel outlined Russia’s development from the chaotic 1990s, through the rise of the oligarchs, to Vladimir Putin’s ascent, whose power base was formed by the siloviki and interconnected economic-political groups. The discussion highlighted the gradual transformation of the system into an authoritarian, and increasingly totalitarian, regime.
Mechanisms of Consolidating Power
The discussion included specific examples of tools the Kremlin uses to maintain control over society:
military operations, including the Second Chechen War,
terrorist incidents before elections, which increased the regime’s popularity,
repression of the opposition and independent journalists,
election manipulation and massive state propaganda.
Propaganda and Information Operations
Professor Smigel pointed out the systematic use of propaganda from early childhood through daily news coverage. Attention was also given to FSB information operations abroad, the spread of disinformation, and the financing of pro-Russian voices in Europe with the aim of weakening democratic institutions.
Ukraine and International Context
In the section on Ukraine, Russian aggression was analyzed, including its rapid objectives and why they failed to materialize. Professor Smigel also offered historical parallels (e.g., the Sudetenland and Anschluss) and outlined the risks that would arise if Ukraine were unable to resist.
The Role of Independent Media and an Engaged Society
The discussion emphasized the need to support verified, independent media, which play a key role in protecting democratic values. The speakers also recommended literature — including books by Timothy Snyder — that provide guidance on building a resilient civil society.
Hope in the Younger Generation
The conclusion focused on civic courage. The speakers reminded the audience that social change is often initiated by students and young people — as seen on November 17, during the Maidan protests, and in other democratic movements. They stressed that today’s youth still have the ability to defend the values on which a free society rests.
Warnings and Current Risks
The discussion also highlighted increasing repression in Russia, including phone searches, penalties for dissenting opinions, and targeted attacks on freedom of expression. In the context of hybrid warfare, it was emphasized that Europe must actively defend its democratic institutions.
